An End to Doping?
Michael Shemmer’s Solutions to solve doping, published in scientific american:
- Immunity to all athletes for past cheating.
- Increase the number of competitors tested
- Increase substantially the penalty for getting caught.
- Disqualify all team members from an event if any member of the team
tests positive for doping. - Establish a reward for scientists to develop tests that can detect doping.

















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